Which of the following is NOT one of the four fundamental processes in motivational interviewing?

The four fundamental processes in motivational interviewing are Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, and Planning. Among these, emphasizing is not one of the recognized processes. Engaging establishes a trusting relationship between the counselor and the client; focusing narrows down the discussion to specific issues; evoking refers to drawing out the client's own motivations for change; and planning involves developing a concrete strategy for achieving their goals. Each of these processes plays a critical role in facilitating meaningful conversations that encourage clients to explore their ambivalence and enhance their motivation for change. By identifying which processes belong to the framework of motivational interviewing, it becomes easier for counselors to effectively support their clients in making positive changes.