Which of the following is a central element of humanistic psychology?

Self-actualization is indeed a central element of humanistic psychology. This concept, foundational to the work of key figures like Abraham Maslow, refers to the process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential and capabilities. Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and the pursuit of meaning in life, viewing individuals as inherently capable of growth and self-improvement. Self-actualization represents the culmination of this growth, where a person achieves a sense of fulfillment and an understanding of their true self.

In this context, the other concepts mentioned do not align with the core focus of humanistic psychology. The influence of childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and defense mechanisms are primarily associated with psychodynamic theories, which explore how early life experiences and underlying psychological processes affect behavior. These perspectives contrast with the humanistic approach, which centers on the present and future potential of individuals rather than solely on their past experiences or unconscious processes. Thus, self-actualization stands out as a hallmark of humanistic psychology's emphasis on individual potential and personal growth.