According to Maslow, what is a basic physiological need?

Maslow's hierarchy of needs outlines a framework for understanding human motivation and development, which is depicted as a pyramid with five levels. At the base of this pyramid are basic physiological needs, which are the most fundamental requirements for human survival. These include food, water, shelter, sleep, and other bodily necessities that are essential for maintaining life.

When physiological needs are not met, individuals cannot effectively pursue higher-level needs such as those related to safety, belongingness, esteem, and ultimately, self-actualization. Meeting these basic needs is crucial because they form the foundation for psychological health and well-being. Therefore, food, water, and shelter are correctly identified as basic physiological needs, as they directly pertain to the survival and functioning of individuals.

Understanding this hierarchy is essential for anyone studying personality and counseling, as it highlights how unmet basic needs can inhibit personal development and overall mental health.